Geology is more than just studying rocks. With advancing technology, scientists are reconstructing Earth's makeup in greater detail, uncovering how landscapes and oceans looked millions of years ago.

Researchers at KAUST have confirmed that the Red Sea once vanished entirely, turning into a barren salt desert before being suddenly flooded by waters from the Indian Ocean. The flood carved deep ...

Far from the Sun, beneath the frozen shells of moons like Europa and Enceladus, new research suggests that water may not simply sit as a quiet global ocean. Instead, it could churn, flash to vapor, ...